ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING

 

Each year, over 50 billion chickens are raised as a source of meat, accounting for over one-third of protein food for humans. However, poultry production is often confronted by avian coccidiosis, flu, and other infectious diseases. Avian coccidiosis is characterized as an infectious protozoan disease caused by gut parasites of the genus Eimeria. So far, nine Eimeria species, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E.praecox, E. mitis, E. tenella, E. mivati, and E. hagani, have been identified from chickens. These parasites can infect and multiply within the mucosal epithelia in different parts of bird guts via oral route. As a result, they cause gut damage (i.e., inflammation, hemorrhage, diarrhea, etc.), morbidity, and mortality in poultry. This disease annually causes a global loss of over 2.4 billion US dollars in the poultry industry, including poor growth performance, replacement of chicks, and medication. Current approaches to constrain avian coccidiosis include anticoccidial chemicals, vaccines, and natural products. Anticoccidial chemicals, coccidiocides, coccidiostats, and ionophores, have long been used as a mainstream strategy to control avian coccidiosis in modern poultry production. Although this strategy is cost-effective and successful, the presence of drug resistance and public demands for residue free meat has encouraged development of alternative control strategies. Moreover, in European countries, the prophylactic use of anticoccidial chemicals as feed additives has been strictly limited since 2006 and a full ban has been proposed to be effective in 2021 (Council Directive of 2011/50/EU of the European Council). To cope with this global situation, vaccination, composed of one or more strains of wild-type or attenuated Eimeria species, is successfully developed as another approach to prevent coccidiosis though their cross species protection and efficacy may need to be improved. 

Natural products are emerging as an attractive way to combat coccidiosis. Over 300,000 species of flowering plants have been recorded worldwide. So far, less than 1% of them have been explored for use against protozoan diseases. 

The use of herbs or herbal supplements formulated to raise poultry birds. Organic poultry farms believes in the concept of preventing a disease from occurrence rather than curing it. This is done by using bio-security measures such as cleaning and disinfecting the farms. Better feeding and watering facilities are adopted to prevent the spread of diseases. I have therefore put into pages some of the organic ways a farmer can apply to resolve or achieve a maximum benefit from organic method of poultry farming. These are proven steps that i believe will yield a positive result if applied appropriately.

 

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